{"@context":{"aiiso":"http:\/\/purl.org\/vocab\/aiiso\/schema#","arm":"https:\/\/ld4p.github.io\/arm\/core\/ontology\/0.1\/","bf":"http:\/\/id.loc.gov\/ontologies\/bibframe\/","bib":"https:\/\/bibliotek-o.org\/","bibo":"http:\/\/purl.org\/ontology\/bibo\/","cito":"http:\/\/purl.org\/spar\/cito\/","classSchemes":"http:\/\/id.loc.gov\/vocabulary\/classSchemes","dbo":"http:\/\/dbpedia.org\/ontology\/","dce":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/elements\/1.1\/","dcmitype":"http:\/\/dublincore.org\/documents\/2000\/07\/11\/dcmi-type-vocabulary\/#","dcterms":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/","ebucore":"http:\/\/www.ebu.ch\/metadata\/ontologies\/ebucore\/ebucore","edm":"http:\/\/www.europeana.eu\/schemas\/edm\/","foaf":"http:\/\/xmlns.com\/foaf\/spec\/#","frap":"http:\/\/purl.org\/cerif\/frapo","identifiers":"http:\/\/id.loc.gov\/vocabulary\/identifiers","ids":"http:\/\/id.loc.gov\/vocabulary\/identifiers\/","opaque":"http:\/\/opaquenamespace.org\/","pcdm":"http:\/\/pcdm.org\/models#","phaidra":"https:\/\/phaidra.org\/ontology\/","rdam":"http:\/\/rdaregistry.info\/Elements\/m\/","rdau":"http:\/\/rdaregistry.info\/Elements\/u\/","rdax":"http:\/\/rdaregistry.info\/Elements\/x\/","rdf":"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/02\/22-rdf-syntax-ns#","rdfs":"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/rdf-schema\/","relators":"http:\/\/id.loc.gov\/vocabulary\/relators","role":{"@context":{"aut":{"@container":"@list","@id":"http:\/\/id.loc.gov\/vocabulary\/relators\/aut"}}},"schema":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","skos":"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2004\/02\/skos\/core#","skosxl":"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2008\/05\/skos-xl"},"@id":"https:\/\/direno.noe.gv.at\/o:165","bf:note":[{"@type":"bf:Note","skos:prefLabel":[{"@language":"deu","@value":"Die Industrialisierung beförderte im 19. Jahrhundert in Niederösterreich eine Verlagerung des demographischen Wachstums in die Industriezonen. Das jährliche Bevölkerungswachstum überschritt jedoch nie die Ein-Prozent-Marke. Das lag am vergleichsweise hohen Sterblichkeitsniveau, besonders jenem der Säuglinge, am European Marriage Pattern und an der laufenden Abwanderung nach Wien. Zudem suchten bis 1873 zahlreiche Cholera-, Typhus- und Pockenepidemien die östlichen Landesteile heim. Erst als im letzten Viertel des Jahrhunderts konsequentere Maßnahmen im Sinne einer sanitary revolution in Form von Desinfektion, Kanalbau, Bau von Trinkwasserleitungen und Impfung von Schulkindern getätigt wurden, setzte ein säkularer Rückgang der Sterblichkeit ein. Die Verbreitung von Illegitimität nahm auch in Niederösterreich im Laufe des 19. Jahrhunderts zu, besonders in den Industrieregionen und in agrarischen Landesteilen mit Großgrundbesitz. Erst um 1900 nahm die Geburtenbeschränkung von den städtischen Mittelklassen ihren Ausgang."}]},{"@type":"bf:Note","skos:prefLabel":[{"@language":"eng","@value":"Industrialization led to a shift in demographic growth to the industrial districts of Lower Austria. Nevertheless, the growth rate per year never exceeded 1 %, because mortality rates remained high, especially infant mortality. The European Marriage Pattern and a steady flow of migrants to Vienna limited demographic growth too. Furthermore, several epidemics (cholera, typhoid, smallpox) hit the population of the eastern quarters of the country hard. It was only when the sanitary revolution (disinfection, the sewage system, water supply, smallpox vaccination) in the last quarter of the century reached a sophisticated level that death rates substantially decreased. Illegitimacy rates increased mainly in the industrial districts and in districts were large estates dominated the agrarian sector. Only at the turn of the century did birth control spread within the middle classes of the urban population."}]}],"bf:provisionActivity":[{"@type":"bf:Publication","bf:agent":[{"@type":"schema:Organization","schema:name":[{"@value":"NÖ Institut für Landeskunde"}]}],"bf:date":["2021"],"bf:place":[{"@type":"schema:Place","skos:prefLabel":[{"@value":"St. Pölten"}]}]}],"dce:subject":[{"@type":"skos:Concept","skos:prefLabel":[{"@language":"eng","@value":"demographic growth"}]},{"@type":"skos:Concept","skos:prefLabel":[{"@language":"eng","@value":"epidemics"}]},{"@type":"skos:Concept","skos:prefLabel":[{"@language":"eng","@value":"sanitary revolution"}]},{"@type":"skos:Concept","skos:prefLabel":[{"@language":"eng","@value":"illegitimacy"}]},{"@type":"skos:Concept","skos:prefLabel":[{"@language":"deu","@value":"Demographisches 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