{"@context":{"aiiso":"http:\/\/purl.org\/vocab\/aiiso\/schema#","arm":"https:\/\/ld4p.github.io\/arm\/core\/ontology\/0.1\/","bf":"http:\/\/id.loc.gov\/ontologies\/bibframe\/","bib":"https:\/\/bibliotek-o.org\/","bibo":"http:\/\/purl.org\/ontology\/bibo\/","cito":"http:\/\/purl.org\/spar\/cito\/","classSchemes":"http:\/\/id.loc.gov\/vocabulary\/classSchemes","dbo":"http:\/\/dbpedia.org\/ontology\/","dce":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/elements\/1.1\/","dcmitype":"http:\/\/dublincore.org\/documents\/2000\/07\/11\/dcmi-type-vocabulary\/#","dcterms":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/","ebucore":"http:\/\/www.ebu.ch\/metadata\/ontologies\/ebucore\/ebucore","edm":"http:\/\/www.europeana.eu\/schemas\/edm\/","foaf":"http:\/\/xmlns.com\/foaf\/spec\/#","frap":"http:\/\/purl.org\/cerif\/frapo","identifiers":"http:\/\/id.loc.gov\/vocabulary\/identifiers","ids":"http:\/\/id.loc.gov\/vocabulary\/identifiers\/","opaque":"http:\/\/opaquenamespace.org\/","pcdm":"http:\/\/pcdm.org\/models#","phaidra":"https:\/\/phaidra.org\/ontology\/","rdam":"http:\/\/rdaregistry.info\/Elements\/m\/","rdau":"http:\/\/rdaregistry.info\/Elements\/u\/","rdax":"http:\/\/rdaregistry.info\/Elements\/x\/","rdf":"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/02\/22-rdf-syntax-ns#","rdfs":"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/rdf-schema\/","relators":"http:\/\/id.loc.gov\/vocabulary\/relators","role":{"@context":{"aut":{"@container":"@list","@id":"http:\/\/id.loc.gov\/vocabulary\/relators\/aut"}}},"schema":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","skos":"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2004\/02\/skos\/core#","skosxl":"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2008\/05\/skos-xl"},"@id":"https:\/\/direno.noe.gv.at\/o:105","bf:note":[{"@type":"bf:Note","skos:prefLabel":[{"@language":"deu","@value":"Der Beitrag untersucht die Bedeutung von Gemeinden für die Durchstaatlichung in der Habsburgermonarchie am Beispiel Niederösterreichs. Die Etablierung der „freien“ Gemeinden 1849 war gleichbedeutend mit der Übernahme staatlicher Aufgaben auf lokaler Ebene. Wie die Analyse der kommunalen Finanzen zeigt, trugen die Kommunen maßgeblich den Ausbau der Infrastruktur (Wasserversorgung, Krankenhäuser etc.) ab der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts mit. Allerdings konnten die Gemeinden dabei nicht auf zentralstaatliche Finanzmittel zurückgreifen. Dass es dennoch gelang, den steigenden staatlichen Anforderungen gerecht zu werden, lag, abgesehen von der steigenden kommunalen Verschuldung, über weite Strecken daran, dass auf lokaler Ebene Lösungen für Finanzierungsprobleme ausgehandelt werden konnten. Ausgehend davon argumentiert der Beitrag, dass der Aufbau von Staatlichkeit auf lokaler Ebene nicht zuletzt durch die Mobilisierung nichtstaatlicher Ressourcen (z. B. Vereine) ermöglicht wurde."}]},{"@type":"bf:Note","skos:prefLabel":[{"@language":"eng","@value":"Using the example of Lower Austria, this chapter examines the importance of municipalities in the move towards state capitalism under the Habsburg Monarchy. The establishment of “free” (semi-autonomous) municipalities in 1849 was tantamount to the assumption of state duties on the local level. As an analysis of municipal finances shows, from the second half of the 19th century onwards, municipalities played a decisive role in the expansion of infrastructure (water supply, hospitals, etc.). However, the municipalities were not able to draw on central government funding in this process. That it was nevertheless possible for them to meet the increasing state demands was largely due to the fact that solutions to problems with financing could be negotiated locally. (Another reason was mounting municipal debt.) Taking this issue as its point of departure, this chapter argues that the development of governance on the local level was made possible not least by the mobilization of non-governmental resources in the form of associations, clubs, etc."}]}],"bf:provisionActivity":[{"@type":"bf:Publication","bf:agent":[{"@type":"schema:Organization","schema:name":[{"@value":"NÖ Institut für Landeskunde"}]}],"bf:date":["2021"],"bf:place":[{"@type":"schema:Place","skos:prefLabel":[{"@value":"St. Pölten"}]}]}],"dce:subject":[{"@type":"skos:Concept","skos:prefLabel":[{"@language":"eng","@value":"municipalities"}]},{"@type":"skos:Concept","skos:prefLabel":[{"@language":"eng","@value":"communal budgets"}]},{"@type":"skos:Concept","skos:prefLabel":[{"@language":"eng","@value":"local infrastructure"}]},{"@type":"skos:Concept","skos:prefLabel":[{"@language":"deu","@value":"Kommunen"}]},{"@type":"skos:Concept","skos:prefLabel":[{"@language":"deu","@value":"Infrastruktur"}]},{"@type":"skos:Concept","skos:prefLabel":[{"@language":"deu","@value":"Staatlichkeit"}]},{"@type":"skos:Concept","skos:prefLabel":[{"@language":"deu","@value":"Verwaltung"}]},{"@type":"skos:Concept","skos:prefLabel":[{"@language":"deu","@value":"Gemeindefinanzen"}]},{"@type":"skos:Concept","skos:prefLabel":[{"@language":"deu","@value":"Gemeindeverwaltung"}]},{"@type":"skos:Concept","skos:prefLabel":[{"@language":"deu","@value":"Gemeindegesetz 1862"}]},{"@type":"skos:Concept","skos:prefLabel":[{"@language":"deu","@value":"Provisorisches Gemeindegesetz 1849"}]},{"@type":"skos:Concept","skos:prefLabel":[{"@language":"deu","@value":"Gemeindeausschusssitzungen"}]},{"@type":"skos:Concept","skos:prefLabel":[{"@language":"deu","@value":"Staatsbildung"}]}],"dce:title":[{"@type":"bf:Title","bf:mainTitle":[{"@language":"deu","@value":"Die Gemeinden"}],"bf:subtitle":[{"@language":"deu","@value":"Staatsbildung und kommunale Finanzen 1849–1914"}]},{"@type":"bf:Title","bf:mainTitle":[{"@language":"eng","@value":"Municipalities"}],"bf:subtitle":[{"@language":"eng","@value":"State-Building and Communal Finances 1849–1914"}]}],"dcterms:language":["deu"],"dcterms:subject":[{"@type":"skos:Concept","rdfs:label":[{"@value":"Österreich unter der Enns"},{"@value":"Österreich nid der Enns"},{"@value":"Lower Austria"},{"@value":"Kronland Nieder-Oesterreich"},{"@value":"Bundesland Niederösterreich"},{"@value":"Oesterreich nid der Enns"},{"@value":"Oesterreich unter der Enns"},{"@value":"Erzherzogtum Österreich unter der Enns"},{"@value":"Land Niederösterreich"}],"skos:exactMatch":["https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4075391-8"],"skos:prefLabel":[{"@value":"Niederösterreich"}]},{"@type":"skos:Concept","rdfs:label":[{"@value":"Ortsgemeinde"},{"@value":"Politische Gemeinde"},{"@value":"Kommune <Gemeinde>"},{"@value":"Gemeinden"}],"skos:exactMatch":["https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4019956-3"],"skos:prefLabel":[{"@value":"Gemeinde"}]},{"@type":"skos:Concept","rdfs:label":[{"@value":"Finanzwirtschaft \/ Gemeinde"},{"@value":"Gemeinde \/ Finanzen"},{"@value":"Kommunale Finanzwirtschaft"},{"@value":"Kommunalfinanzen"},{"@value":"Gemeinde \/ Finanzwirtschaft"},{"@value":"Gemeindefinanzen"}],"skos:exactMatch":["https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4071675-2"],"skos:prefLabel":[{"@value":"Gemeindefinanzwirtschaft"}]},{"@type":"skos:Concept","rdfs:label":[{"@language":"deu","@value":"Geisteswissenschaften -- Geschichte: Allgemeines -- Europäische Geschichte in Mittelalter und Neuzeit: Allgemeines -- Europäische Geschichte 1815-1914"}],"skos:exactMatch":["http:\/\/uri.gbv.de\/terminology\/bk\/15.36"],"skos:prefLabel":[{"@language":"deu","@value":"15.36 Europäische Geschichte 1815-1914"}]},{"@type":"skos:Concept","rdfs:label":[{"@language":"deu","@value":"Sozialwissenschaften -- Geographie, Raumordnung, Städtebau -- Geographie, Anthropogeographie: Allgemeines -- Erde -- Europa -- Deutschland, Österreich, Schweiz"}],"skos:exactMatch":["http:\/\/uri.gbv.de\/terminology\/bk\/74.20"],"skos:prefLabel":[{"@language":"deu","@value":"74.20 Deutschland, Österreich, Schweiz"}]},{"@type":"skos:Concept","rdfs:label":[{"@language":"deu","@value":"Geisteswissenschaften -- Geschichte -- Geschichte: Allgemeines -- Schweiz, Österreich-Ungarn, Österreich"}],"skos:exactMatch":["http:\/\/uri.gbv.de\/terminology\/bk\/15.60"],"skos:prefLabel":[{"@language":"deu","@value":"15.60 Schweiz, Österreich-Ungarn, Österreich"}]},{"@type":"skos:Concept","rdfs:label":[{"@language":"deu","@value":"Sozialwissenschaften -- Verwaltungslehre -- Verwaltungslehre, Verwaltungswissenschaft: Allgemeines -- Öffentliche Verwaltung: Allgemeines -- Kommunalverwaltung"}],"skos:exactMatch":["http:\/\/uri.gbv.de\/terminology\/bk\/88.13"],"skos:prefLabel":[{"@language":"deu","@value":"88.13 Kommunalverwaltung"}]},{"@type":"skos:Concept","rdfs:label":[{"@language":"deu","@value":"Geisteswissenschaften -- Einzelne Kunstformen -- Malerei: Allgemeines -- Baugeschichte: Allgemeines -- Stadtbaugeschichte, Geschichte ländlicher Siedlungen"}],"skos:exactMatch":["http:\/\/uri.gbv.de\/terminology\/bk\/21.73"],"skos:prefLabel":[{"@language":"deu","@value":"21.73 Stadtbaugeschichte, Geschichte ländlicher Siedlungen"}]},{"@type":"skos:Concept","rdfs:label":[{"@language":"deu","@value":"Sozialwissenschaften -- Geographie, Raumordnung, Städtebau -- Geographie, Anthropogeographie: Allgemeines -- Raumordnung, Städtebau: Allgemeines -- Stadtplanung, kommunale Planung"}],"skos:exactMatch":["http:\/\/uri.gbv.de\/terminology\/bk\/74.72"],"skos:prefLabel":[{"@language":"deu","@value":"74.72 Stadtplanung, kommunale Planung"}]},{"@type":"skos:Concept","rdfs:label":[{"@language":"deu","@value":"Sozialwissenschaften -- Verwaltungslehre -- Verwaltungslehre, Verwaltungswissenschaft: Allgemeines -- Öffentliche Verwaltung: Allgemeines -- Territorialverwaltung, Regionalverwaltung"}],"skos:exactMatch":["http:\/\/uri.gbv.de\/terminology\/bk\/88.12"],"skos:prefLabel":[{"@language":"deu","@value":"88.12 Territorialverwaltung, Regionalverwaltung"}]},{"@type":"skos:Concept","rdfs:label":[{"@language":"deu","@value":"Geisteswissenschaften -- Geschichte -- Geschichte: Allgemeines -- Politische Geschichte"}],"skos:exactMatch":["http:\/\/uri.gbv.de\/terminology\/bk\/15.06"],"skos:prefLabel":[{"@language":"deu","@value":"15.06 Politische Geschichte"}]},{"@type":"skos:Concept","rdfs:label":[{"@language":"deu","@value":"ÖFOS 2012 -- GEISTESWISSENSCHAFTEN (6) -- Geschichte, Archäologie (601) -- Geschichte, Archäologie (6010) -- Geschichtliche Landeskunde (601007)"},{"@language":"eng","@value":"ÖFOS 2012 -- HUMANITIES (6) -- History, Archaeology (601) -- History, Archaeology (6010) -- Historical regional studies (601007)"}],"skos:exactMatch":["oefos2012:601007"],"skos:notation":["601007"],"skos:prefLabel":[{"@language":"deu","@value":"Geschichtliche Landeskunde"},{"@language":"eng","@value":"Historical regional studies"}]},{"@type":"skos:Concept","rdfs:label":[{"@language":"deu","@value":"ÖFOS 2012 -- GEISTESWISSENSCHAFTEN (6) -- Geschichte, Archäologie (601) -- Geschichte, Archäologie (6010) -- Österreichische Geschichte (601016)"},{"@language":"eng","@value":"ÖFOS 2012 -- HUMANITIES (6) -- History, Archaeology (601) -- History, Archaeology (6010) -- Austrian history (601016)"}],"skos:exactMatch":["oefos2012:601016"],"skos:notation":["601016"],"skos:prefLabel":[{"@language":"deu","@value":"Österreichische Geschichte"},{"@language":"eng","@value":"Austrian history"}]},{"@type":"skos:Concept","rdfs:label":[{"@language":"deu","@value":"ÖFOS 2012 -- GEISTESWISSENSCHAFTEN (6) -- Geschichte, Archäologie (601) -- Geschichte, Archäologie (6010) -- Regionalgeschichte (601020)"},{"@language":"eng","@value":"ÖFOS 2012 -- HUMANITIES (6) -- History, Archaeology (601) -- History, Archaeology (6010) -- Regional history (601020)"}],"skos:exactMatch":["oefos2012:601020"],"skos:notation":["601020"],"skos:prefLabel":[{"@language":"deu","@value":"Regionalgeschichte"},{"@language":"eng","@value":"Regional history"}]},{"@type":"skos:Concept","rdfs:label":[{"@language":"deu","@value":"ÖFOS 2012 -- SOZIALWISSENSCHAFTEN (5) -- Politikwissenschaften (506) -- Politikwissenschaften (5060) -- Politische Geschichte (506011)"},{"@language":"eng","@value":"ÖFOS 2012 -- SOCIAL SCIENCES (5) -- Political Science (506) -- Political Science (5060) -- Political history (506011)"}],"skos:exactMatch":["oefos2012:506011"],"skos:notation":["506011"],"skos:prefLabel":[{"@language":"deu","@value":"Politische Geschichte"},{"@language":"eng","@value":"Political history"}]}],"dcterms:temporal":[{"@type":"edm:TimeSpan","skos:prefLabel":[{"@language":"deu","@value":"1849-1914"}]}],"dcterms:type":[{"@type":"skos:Concept","skos:exactMatch":["https:\/\/pid.phaidra.org\/vocabulary\/69ZZ-2KGX"],"skos:prefLabel":[{"@language":"eng","@value":"Text"},{"@language":"deu","@value":"Text"},{"@language":"ita","@value":"Testo"}]}],"ebucore:filename":["11 Buchner, Die Gemeinden.pdf"],"ebucore:hasMimeType":["application\/pdf"],"edm:hasType":[{"@type":"skos:Concept","skos:exactMatch":["https:\/\/pid.phaidra.org\/vocabulary\/VKA6-9XTY"],"skos:prefLabel":[{"@language":"eng","@value":"journal article"},{"@language":"deu","@value":"Wissenschaftlicher Artikel"},{"@language":"ita","@value":"Articolo di rivista"}]}],"edm:rights":["http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"],"rdam:P30004":[{"@type":"ids:doi","@value":"10.52035\/noil.2021.19jh01.11"},{"@type":"ids:isbn","@value":"978-3-903127-27-2"}],"rdau:P60193":[{"@type":"schema:CreativeWork","bibo:volume":[{"@value":"Band 1: Herrschaft und Wirtschaft. Eine Regionalgeschichte sozialer Macht"}],"dce:title":[{"@type":"bf:Title","bf:mainTitle":[{"@language":"deu","@value":"Niederösterreich im 19. Jahrhundert"}]}],"dcterms:issued":["2021"]}],"role:aut":[{"@type":"schema:Person","schema:familyName":[{"@value":"Buchner"}],"schema:givenName":[{"@value":"Thomas"}]}],"schema:pageEnd":["259"],"schema:pageStart":["231"]}